Epitome 

Of  the  Purpose,  Plans  and  Methods  of 
the  Carnegie  Endowment  for 
International  Peace 


Abstract  of  the 
Year  Book 
1919 


Headquaetebs,  Carnegie  Endowment,  Washington, 


Epitome 


4 “Eri  ? 152 


Of  the  I^P  ose.  Plans  and  Methods  of 
the  Carnegie  Endowment  for 
International  Peace 


Abstract  of  the 
Year  Book 
1919 


WASHINGTON 
Carnegie  Cn&otnment  foe 
Sntemational  $eaie 
1919 


RUMFORD  PRESS,  CONCORD 


FOREWORD 

The  aim  of  this  Epitome  is  to  present  to  the  public  the  origin, 
the  organization,  the  purpose  and  the  work  of  the  Carnegie 
Endowment  for  International  Peace,  in  condensed  form. 

It  is  planned  to  make  it  an  annual  publication,  which  shall 
summarize  the  activities  of  each  year  in  such  abbreviated  form 
that  he  who  runs  may  read — not  as  a substitute  for  the  annual 
Year  Book  of  the  Endowment,  which  presents  all  these  matters 
in  detail  for  students  and  librarians,  but  to  meet  the  needs  of  the 
more  casual  inquirer  and  to  spread  more  widely  definite  knowl- 
edge of  the  work  of  the  Endowment,  regarding  which  there  is 
considerable  lack  of  public  and  intelligent  understanding.  The 
Epitome  is  planned  for  wide  circulation,  outside  and  beyond  the 
many  libraries  to  which  and  individuals  to  whom  the  Year  Book 
is  regularly  mailed.  It  is  hoped  that  the  pamphlet  will  familiar- 
ize the  public  with  the  work  of  the  Endowment  to  a much  wider 
degree. 

It  will  be  sent  gratuitously  to  all  applicants.  Show  it  to  your 
friends. 


3 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Library 


https://archive.org/details/epitomeofpurpose00carn_0 


THE  CARNEGIE  ENDOWMENT  FOR 
INTERNATIONAL  PEACE 


Founded  1910 


BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 


President,  Elihxj  Root,  New  York 

Vice  President,  George  Gray,  Delaware 

Secretary,  James  Brown  Scott,  District  of  Columbia 

Treasurer,  Charlemagne  Tower,  Pennsylvania 

Assistant  Treasurer,  Andrew  J.  Montague,  Virginia 

Robert  Bacon,i  New  York 

Edgar  A.  Bancroft,  Illinois 

Robert  S.  Brookings,  Missouri 

Thomas  Burke,  Washington 

Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  New  York 

Arthur  William  Foster,  California 

Austen  G.  Fox,  New  York 

Robert  A.  Franks,  New  York 

David  Jayne  Hill,  District  of  Columbia 

William  M.  Howard,  Georgia 

Samuel  Mather,  Ohio 

George  W.  Perkins,  New  York 

Henry  S.  Pritchett,  New  York 

Jacob  G.  Schmidlapp,  Ohio 

Cordenio  a.  Severance,  Minnesota 

James  R.  Sheffield,  New  York 

James  L.  Slayden,  Texas 

Oscar  S.  Straus,  New  York 

Charles  L.  Taylor,  Pennsylvania 

John  Sharp  Williams,  Mississippi 

Robert  S.  Woodward,  District  of  Columbia 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Elihu  Root,  Chairman 
James  Brown  Scott,  Secretary 


Nicholas  Murray  Butler 
Austen  G.  Fox 


Andrew  J.  Montague 
Henry  S.  Pritchett 


Charlemagne  Tower 


1 Died  May  29,  1919. 


5 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


FINANCE  COMMITTEE 
George  W.  Perkins,  Chairman 

Robert  A.  Franks  Samuel  Mather 

FORMER  MEMBERS  OF  THE  BOARD 

John  L.  Cadwalader,  New  York,  died  March  11,  1914 
Joseph  H.  Choate,  New  York,  Vice  President,  died  May  14,  1917 
Cleveland  H.  Dodge,  New  York,  resigned  April  7,  1919 
Charles  W.  Eliot,  Massachusetts,  resigned  April  16,  1919 
John  W.  Foster,  District  of  Columbia,  died  November  15,  1917 
Albert  K.  Smiley,  New  York,  died  December  2,  1912 
Andrew  D.  White,  New  York,  died  November  4,  1918 
Luke  E.  Weight,  Tennessee,  resigned  April  13,  1918 

The  remainder  of  the  organization  and  documentary  material  appears  m the 
Appendix. 


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for  International  Peace 


PURPOSE  AND  PLANS 

Mr.  Carnegie’s  letter  (December  14,  1910,  see  page  25),  estab- 
lishing the  Endowment  for  International  Peace,  “to  hasten  the 
abolition  of  international  war,  the  foulest  blot  upon  our  civiliza- 
tion,” declares  that  “lines  of  future  action  can  not  be  wisely  laid 
down.  Many  may  have  to  be  tried,  and  having  full  confidence 
in  my  Trustees  I leave  to  them  the  widest  discretion  as  to  the 
measmes  and  policy  they  shall  from  time  to  time  adopt,  only 
premising  that  the  one  end  they  shall  keep  unceasingly  in  view 
until  it  is  attained,  is  the  speedy  abolition  of  international  war 
between  so-called  civilized  nations.” 

The  Board  of  Trustees,  in  accepting  this  responsibility,  gave 
anxious  thought  to  projects  to  this  end,  ancient  and  modern,  and 
developed  a general  plan  of  work,  since  consistently  followed. 
In  Article  II  of  the  Articles  of  Association  the  following  purposes 
are  laid  down: 

(a)  To  promote  a thorough  and  scientific  investigation  and  study  of  the 
causes  of  war  and  of  the  practical  methods  to  prevent  and  avoid  it. 

(b)  To  aid  in  the  development  of  international  law,  and  a general  agree- 
ment on  the  rules  thereof,  and  the  acceptance  of  the  same  among  nations. 

(c)  To  diffuse  information,  and  to  educate  pubhc  opinion  regarding  the 
causes,  nature,  and  effects  of  war,  and  means  for  its  prevention  and  avoidance. 

(d)  To  establish  a better  imderstanding  of  international  rights  and  duties 
and  a more  perfect  sense  of  international  justice  among  the  inhabitants  of 
civihzed  coxm tries. 

(e)  To  cultivate  friendly  feelings  between  the  inhabitants  of  different  coun- 
tries, and  to  increase  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  each  other  by  the 
several  nations. 

(f)  To  promote  a general  acceptance  of  peaceable  methods  in  the  settle- 
ment of  international  disputes. 

(g)  To  maintain,  promote,  and  assist  such  estabhshments,  organizations, 
associations,  and  agencies  as  shall  be  deemed  necessary  or  useful  in  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  purposes  of  the  corporation,  or  any  of  them. 

These  seven  postulates  were  divided  into  three  groups,  and 
on  March  9,  1911,  the  Executive  Committee  established  three 
Divisions,  each  with  a Director  in  charge  as  follows: 

Division  of  Intercourse  and  Education. — To  promote 


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The  Carnegie  Endowment 


the  objects  and  purposes  specified  in  (c),  (e)  and  (g).  Dr. 
Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  President  of  Columbia  University, 
while  unable  permanently  to  accept  the  Directorship  of  this 
Division,  consented  to  act  temporarily,  and  has  since  continued 
as  Acting  Director. 

Division  of  Economics  and  History. — To  which  was  assigned 
section  (a).  Dr.  John  Bates  Clark,  Professor  of  Political  Science 
in  Columbia  University,  was  appointed  Director. 

Division  of  International  Law. — Dr.  James  Brown  Scott 
was  appointed  Director,  and  discharges  the  duties  of  this  office 
in  connection  with  those  of  the  Secretary.  The  sections  assigned 
to  this  Division  by  the  Executive  Committee  were  (b),  (d)  and(f). 

The  activities  of  the  Endowment  are  international  in  scope, 
chiefly  scientific  and  educational  in  character,  the  plan  being  that 
the  scientific  results  of  the  work  of  the  Divisions  of  Economics 
and  History  and  International  Law  will  be  popularized  and  made 
the  basis  of  propaganda  by  the  first  Division,  in  addition  to  work 
undertaken  upon  its  own  initiative. 

Attitude  of  the  Endowment  on  the  War  and  its  Services 
TO  THE  Government 

The  entrance  of  the  United  States  into  the  European  War  made 
it  evident  that  a large  part  of  the  earlier  activities  of  the  Endow- 
ment must  be  ineffective  until  the  restoration  of  peace. 

The  hope  of  the  world  for  permanent  international  peace  was 
concentrated  first  upon  the  prevention  of  German  domination. 
It  became  evident  to  the  point  of  demonstration  that  German 
domination  could  be  prevented  only  by  force  of  arms.  The  En- 
dowment has  endeavored  to  contribute  what  it  could  by  taking 
a clear  and  definite  position  in  favor  of  the  active  and  relentless 
prosecution  of  the  war  to  final  victory. 

The  resolutions  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  of  the  Executive 
Committee  were  as  follows: 

Resolution  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  Adopted  April  19,  1917 

Resolved,  That  the  Trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International 
Peace,  assembled  for  their  annual  meeting,  declare  hereby  their  belief  that  the 


8 


for  International  Peace 


most  effective  means  of  promoting  durable  international  peace  is  to  prosecute 
the  war  against  the  Imperial  German  Government  to  final  victory  for  democ- 
racy, in  accordance  with  the  policy  declared  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Resolution  of  the  Executive  Committee  Adopted  November  1,  1917 

The  Trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace,  assembled 
in  annual  meeting  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  on  April  19-20  last,  adopted  the 
following  resolution  by  unanimous  vote : 

Resolved,  That  the  Trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  Interna- 
tional Peace,  assembled  for  their  aimual  meeting,  declare  hereby  their  belief 
that  the  most  effective  means  of  promoting  durable  international  peace  is  to 
prosecute  the  war  against  the  Imperial  German  Government  to  final  victory 
for  democracy,  in  accordance  with  the  policy  declared  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 

In  view  of  recent  events,  emphasized  by  the  widespread  intrigues  of  the 
German  Government  to  deceive  and  mislead  the  peace-loving  people  of  the 
world,  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Endowment  unanimously  reaffirms 
this  declaration  and  pledges  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace 
to  the  loyal  support  of  those  courses  of  action  that  will  assure  early,  complete 
and  final  victory  for  the  arms  of  the  Allied  forces.  The  path  to  durable  inter- 
national peace  on  which  the  liberty-loving  nations  of  the  world  would  so 
gladly  enter,  is  now  blocked  by  the  blind  reliance  of  Germany  upon  the  in- 
vincibility of  German  military  power  and  upon  its  effectiveness  as  an  instru- 
ment of  international  policy.  This  reliance  must  be  broken  before  any  other 
effective  steps  can  be  taken  to  secure  international  peace.  It  can  be  broken 
only  by  defeat. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  call  upon  all  lovers 
of  peace  to  assist  in  every  possible  way  in  the  effective  prosecution  of  the  war 
which  has  peace  and  not  conquest  for  its  aim. 

The  officers  of  the  Endowment  have  considered  that  the  best 
service  the  Division  of  International  Law  could  render  to  the 
cause  of  international  peace  was  by  contributing  so  far  as  possible 
to  adequate  preparation  for  the  great  emergency  which  arose  at 
the  close  of  the  war.  It  has  accordingly  sought  to  help  bring 
about  adequate  preparation  in  two  ways. 

In  the  first  place,  it  has  published  or  contributed  to  the 
publication  of  a series  of  works  which  furnish  the  same  kind  of 
foundation  for  effective  consideration  of  the  questions  which 
arise  in  a peace  conference  that  Madison’s  Notes  and  Elliot’s 
Debates,  and  the  earlier  history  of  the  development  of  consti- 


9 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


tutional  law  in  the  United  States  furnish  for  the  consideration 
of  interstate  questions  in  America. 

The  other  method  of  contributing  to  this  preparation  was 
through  active  cooperation  with  the  officers  of  the  government, 
whose  official  positions  threw  upon  them  responsibility  for  the 
representation  of  the  United  States  in  the  Peace  Conference.  At 
the  meeting  of  April  19,  1917,  the  Board  of  Trustees  adopted  the 
following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace  offers  to 
the  government  the  services  of  its  Division  of  International  Law,  its  personnel 
and  equipment,  for  dealing  with  the  pressure  of  international  business  incident 
to  the  war. 

This  offer  of  the  Endowment  was  accepted  by  Secretary  of 
State  Lansing  on  April  26, 1917,  and  accordingly  the  Division  has 
been  engaged  since  that  time  almost  entirely  on  projects  for  the 
Department  of  State.  Ample  provision  was  made  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  for  the  increased  expenditures  made  necessary 
on  this  account,  and  the  personnel  of  the  Secretary’s  office,  as 
well  as  of  the  Division  of  International  Law,  was  largely  increased. 

A great  volume  of  material  has  thus  been  collected,  both  in 
printed  and  manuscript  form,  and  shipped  to  France  for  the  use 
of  the  Peace  Conference.  That  the  Administration  recognized 
the  value  of  these  services,  was  shown  by  its  appointment  of  Dr. 
Scott,  the  Secretary,  and  the  Director  of  the  Division  of  Interna- 
tional Law,  as  the  Technical  Adviser  to  the  American  representa- 
tives at  the  Peace  Conference,  together  with  four  of  the  expert 
assistants  in  the  Division. 

The  Administration 

The  administrative  work  of  the  Endowment  is  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Secretary,  James  Brown  Scott,  aided  by  the  Assistant 
Secretary  and  Statistician,  S.  N.  D.  North,  and  the  Assistant  to 
the  Secretary,  George  A.  Finch.  The  personnel  of  the  office 
consists  of  a chief  clerk,  auditor,  translator  and  librarian, 
assisted  by  the  necessary  clerical  force. 


10 


for  International  Peace 


Offices 

The  headquarters  of  the  Endowment  are  located  at  Nos.  2,  4, 
and  6 Jackson  Place,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  three  buildings 
were  private  dwellings  purchased  at  intervals  and  since  connected. 
They  include  a frontage  of  106.9feet  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  and 
83  feet  on  Jackson  Place,  with  a total  area  of  8,856  square  feet. 
The  property  fronts  the  White  House  and  the  State,  War  and 
Navy  Building  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  and  is  the  most  desir- 
ably located  property  in  Washington,  outside  of  that  owned  by 
the  government.  The  use  of  the  building  No.  6 was  donated  to 
the  Government  Committee  on  Public  Information  during  the 
continuance  of  the  war. 

CooPEBATiVE  Annuity  Plan 

As  a recognition  of  efficient  service,  and  to  secure  permanency, 
the  Endowment  has  under  consideration  a cooperative  arrange- 
ment with  the  Teachers  Insurance  and  Annuity  Association  of 
America  organized  by  the  Carnegie  Foundation  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Teaching,  under  which  its  officers  and  employes  will  have 
the  privilege  of  obtaining  annuities  and  life  insurance  at  cost,  free 
from  all  overhead  charges  of  every  kind.  Under  this  plan  they 
can  obtain  annuities,  half  the  cost  of  which  is  paid  by  the  Endow- 
ment, the  other  half  by  the  employe  at  the  rate  of  5 per  cent  of 
his  monthly  salary. 


The  Libraey 

The  library,  with  which  is  combined  the  general  information 
bureau,  is  one  of  the  most  important  auxiharies  of  the  Secre- 
tary’s office.  It  is  one  of  the  most  complete  libraries  in  Washing- 
ton on  international  law,  the  peace  movement,  and  the  literature 
of  the  recent  war.  The  public  is  freely  accorded  its  use,  and  it  has 
a constantly  increasing  patronage  of  private  and  official  students. 
It  contains  some  16,500  titles,  properly  catalogued  and  shelved. 


11 


The  Carnegie  Endovjment 


Expenditures  and  Accounts 

The  following  table  shows  the  expenditures  of  the  Endowment 
by  fiscal  years  and  by  Divisions,  since  its  foundation  in  1910: 


Fiscal 

Year 

Secretary’s 
Office  and 
General  Ad- 
ministration 

Division  of 
Intercourse 
and  Educa- 
tion 

Division  of 
Economics 
and  History 

Division  of 
Interna- 
tional Law 

Purchase 
of  head- 
quarters 
buildings 
and  sites 

Total 

1911 

$32,436 . 16 
25,633.99 
61,385.53 

$66,981.05 

$12,661.78 

18,466.20 

44,449.88 

$1,972.53 

7,844.71 

50,061.36 

$114,051.52 

197,420.21 

420,554.56 

1912. 

145,475.31 

220,182.79 

1913 

$54,475.00 

1914 

55,363.18 

253,714.69 

71,064.59 

82,909.03 

82,525.00 

545,576.49 

1915 

76,182.28 

254,348.46 

47,845.82 

63,436,82 

441,813.38 

1916 

56,444.26 

301,183.30 

230,123.38 

82,251.07 

40,456.55 

110,716.90 

143,524.99 

550,595.53 

521,922.57 

1917 

60,817.65 

47,000.00 

1918 

69,611.74 

241,071.10 

52,884.34 

85,577.70 

449,144.88 

Totals 

$427,874.79 

$1,713,080.08 

$370,080.23 

$546,044.04 

$184,000.00 

$3,241,079.14 

The  receipt  and  distribution  of  funds  are  shown  in  detail  each 
month  in  the  printed  reports  of  the  Treasurer.  All  expenditures 
by  the  Endowment,  both  in  the  United  States  and  foreign  coun- 
tries, are  made  through  the  Secretary’s  office,  where  the  vouchers 
and  checks  for  the  signature  of  the  Treasurer  are  prepared. 


Publications 

The  Secretary’s  office  publishes  a quarterly  List  of  Publica- 
tions of  the  Endowment.  This  list  already  numbers  123  titles, 
including  books  and  pamphlets.  As  indicative  of  the  amount  of 
propaganda  represented  in  these  publications,  it  may  be  stated 
that  they  total  25,286  printed  pages;  the  grand  total  number 
of  pages  printed  by  the  Endowment  is  approximately  48,185,199 
pages.  The  work  of  editing  these  publications  for  the  printer 
and  proofreading  and  publishing  them  is  a large  and  steadily 
increasing  duty  of  the  Secretary’s  office. 

An  examination  of  this  list  of  publications  will  convey  to  the 
reader  a definite  conception  of  the  importance  of  many  of  them, 
and  of  their  immediate  and  vital  bearing  upon  the  problems  which 
have  arisen  in  connection  with  the  just  settlement  of  the  greatest 
war  in  the  world’s  history.  The  list  of  publications  appears  at 


12 


for  International  Peace 


the  end  of  this  pamphlet.  All  of  the  pamphlet  publications  of 
the  Endowment  are  issued  for  gratuitous  circulation.  Wherever 
a price  is  indicated,  the  publications  may  be  obtained  by  remit- 
tance to  the  publishers,  either  the  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford, 
England,  or  the  Oxford  University  Press,  American  Branch,  35 
West  32d  Street,  New  York  City. 

Translation 

Translation  from  French,  Spanish,  German,  Italian,  and  other 
European  languages  forms  one  of  the  most  important  branches 
of  the  work  of  the  Secretary’s  office,  by  reason  of  the  polyglot 
sources  from  which  it  procures  the  materials  for  its  publications. 

Depository  Libraries 

The  pubhcations  of  the  Endowment  are  of  two  classes:  those 
which  are  distributed  gratuitously,  by  far  the  greater  portion, 
and  those  which  by  reason  of  their  highly  technical  and  scientific 
character,  and  the  restricted  demand,  are  sold  for  a price  by  the 
Endowment’s  publishers.  In  order  to  make  the  latter  freely 
available  for  general  use,  the  Endowment  has  established  a chain 
of  693  depository  hbraries,  of  which  379  are  located  in  the 
United  States  and  314  in  foreign  countries.  No  hbraries  are 
admitted  to  this  free  distribution  which  do  not  agree  carefully  to 
shelve  and  catalogue  these  pubhcations,  and  make  them  freely 
accessible  to  all  apphcants. 

DIVISION  OF  INTERCOURSE  AND  EDUCATION 

The  Division  of  Intercourse  and  Education,  in  addition  to  the 
service  above  outlined,  has  done  most  important  work  in  the 
broad  fields  assigned  it.  To  diffuse  information,  to  educate  pub- 
hc  opinion,  to  cultivate  friendly  feelings  between  the  inhabitants 
of  different  countries,  and  to  increase  the  knowledge  and  under- 
standing of  each  other  by  the  several  nations,  it  has  prepared  and 
widely  circulated  some  sixteen  reports  of  great  value,  such  as  Dr. 
Charles  W.  Ehot’s,  Some  Roads  Towards  Peace,  a report  of  hia 


13 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


visit  made  to  China  and  Japan  in  1912;  the  Re-port  of  the  Inter- 
national Commission  to  Inquire  into  the  Causes  and  Conduct  of  the 
Balkan  Wars,  published  with  maps  and  illustrations  in  1914;  the 
Report  of  Honorable  Robert  Bacon  of  his  journey  to  South  Amer- 
ica in  1913,  entitled  For  Better  Relations  with  Our  Latin  American 
Neighbors  (also  printed  in  the  original  Spanish,  Portuguese  and 
French) ; and  the  complete  record  of  the  reception  in  the  United 
States  in  1917  of  the  Imperial  Japanese  Mission  headed  by  Vis- 
count Ishii. 

European  Bureau 

The  Division  maintains  a European  Bureau  at  No.  24  rue 
Pierre  Curie,  Paris,  presided  over  by  Senator  d’Estournelles  de 
Constant,  and  has  an  organized  corps  of  special  correspondents 
in  various  European  capitals  and  in  Tokio,  with  whose  members 
it  is  in  constant  communication. 

The  educational  work  of  the  Division  directly  and  in  coopera- 
tion with  the  other  Divisions  is  of  the  utmost  importance.  As  an 
illustration,  at  the  Second  Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  held 
in  Washington,  December  27,  1915-January  8,  1916,  besides  the 
official  delegates  appointed  by  the  governments  of  the  twenty-one 
American  Republics,  one  delegate  from  each  Republic  was  invited 
to  attend  the  Conference  by  each  of  the  three  Divisions.  They 
were  the  guests  of  the  Endowment  from  the  date  of  their  depart- 
ure until  their  return  to  their  homes.  These  delegates  contrib- 
uted very  greatly  to  the  success  of  the  Congress,  and  incidentally 
gave  the  Endowment  a prestige  in  Latin  America  it  would  have 
been  difficult  otherwise  to  obtain. 

Plans  have  been  made  for  the  exchange  of  professorships  be- 
tween South  American  and  North  American  universities,  and  are 
under  consideration  for  the  exchange  of  a limited  number  of  stu- 
dents. In  1916,  the  Division  sent  to  the  Museo  Social  Argentina 
at  Buenos  Aires  a gift  of  a library  of  some  9,000  books,  pamphlets 
and  maps,  especially  selected  as  typical  of  the  political  and  intel- 
lectual life  of  the  United  States.  The  gift  was  profoundly  ap- 
preciated, and  plans  are  now  making  for  sending  similar  libraries 
to  other  South  American  capitals,  to  several  European  capitals. 


14 


for  International  Peace 


and  to  Tokio  and  Peking.  It  has  established  and  is  publishing  in 
alternate  months  and  alternately  in  Spanish  and  Enghsh,  a 
periodical  entitled  Inter-America,  for  the  purpose  of  overcoming 
in  part  the  barrier  of  language  which  hinders  the  exchange  of 
contemporary  thought.  It  has  estabhshed  a series  of  volumes 
containing  authoritative  material  relating  to  war  and  peace,  for 
use  by  authors,  pubhshers  and  teachers.  These  books  are  used 
widely  in  both  pubhc  and  private  schools.  It  has  estabhshed  a 
chain  of  international  polity  clubs,  and  provided  lecturers  for 
them,  and  courses  in  the  nonpartisan  study  of  international 
problems  with  particular  reference  to  American  foreign  pohcy. 
It  has  cooperated  with  seventy-nine  universities,  colleges  and 
State  normal  schools  in  offering  in  their  summer  sessions  courses 
to  stimulate  a more  intelhgent  interest  in  international  affairs. 
This  summary  presents  only  a partial  view  of  the  enormous 
amount  and  variety  of  the  educational  work  of  the  Division. 

DIVISION  OF  ECONOMICS  AND  HISTORY 

The  work  of  the  Division  of  Economics  and  History  was  organ- 
ized at  a conference  held  in  Bern,  Switzerland,  in  August,  1911, 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  John  Bates  Clark,  which  was  attended 
by  a number  of  the  most  distinguished  economists  and  publicists 
of  the  European  countries,  together  with  representatives  from 
Japan  and  the  United  States.  Many  of  these  economists  were 
subsequently  organized  into  the  Committee  of  Research,  which 
constitutes  the  permanent  organization  of  the  Division. 

This  conference,  resolved  into  three  commissions,  outhned  a 
complete  program  “to  promote  a thorough  and  scientific  investi- 
gation and  study  of  the  causes  of  war,  and  of  the  practical  methods 
to  prevent  and  avoid  it.  ” Each  member  of  the  Committee  of  Re- 
search assumed  editorial  responsibihty  for  groups  of  topics  out- 
lined by  the  three  commissions,  and  contracts  were  made  with 
about  200  contributors  and  collaborators,  to  whom  were  assigned 
subjects  upon  the  three  programs.  Many  of  these  studies  were 
completed  during  the  two  following  years,  and  nine  volumes  have 
been  published  by  the  Division. 


15 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


An  important  group  of  studies,  made  by  recognized  authorities 
on  the  question  of  armaments,  covering  the  military  situation 
in  a large  number  of  countries,  was  completed  and  was  ready  for 
publication  when  the  European  War  broke  out.  It  was  deemed 
unwise  by  the  Executive  Committee  to  publish  at  the  time  this 
volume,  which  when  revised  and  issued  will  show  the  status  of 
armament  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  and  afterwards.  A number 
of  other  manuscripts  were  completed  and  received  by  the 
Director,  and  have  been  held,  awaiting  a more  opportune  time 
for  publication.  One  large  series  consisting  of  fourteen  mono- 
graphs contains  a complete  history  of  the  Socialist  movement  in 
as  many  countries.  Most  of  these  contributions  were  in  foreign 
languages,  and  their  translation  has  been  partially  made,  but 
publication  has  been  postponed  for  reasons  similar  to  those  above 
given.  Thus  the  European  War  has  seriously  interfered  with 
the  work  of  the  Division.  In  the  meanwhile,  it  has  organized 
a commission  of  distinguished  Japanese  publicists  to  make 
similar  economic  studies  in  China  and  Japan,  and  this  work  is 
rapidly  approaching  completion. 

Economic  History  of  the  War 
An  important  undertaking  is  a plan  for  the  compilation  and 
publication  of  an  Economic  History  of  the  War.  The  collection 
of  original  material  for  this  history  by  members  of  the  Commit- 
tee of  Research,  in  important  belligerent  countries,  has  been  in 
progress  since  the  war  began;  a mass  of  printed  and  other  matter, 
which  probably  can  never  be  duplicated,  has  been  assembled,  and 
plans  are  now  in  the  making  for  preparation  of  the  history  itself. 

Preliminary  Economic  Studies  of  the  War 
In  the  meanwhile,  the  Division  is  publishing,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dean  David  Kinley  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  a series  of 
Preliminary  Economic  Studies  of  the  War,  written  by  well  known 
economists  and  publicists  of  the  United  States.  Arrangements 
have  been  made  for  twenty-five  of  these  studies,  fifteen  of 
which  have  already  been  published,  and  the  list  will  be  further 
enlarged.  The  demand  for  these  monographs  has  been  unex- 


16 


for  International  Peace 


pectedly  large,  demonstrating  that,  notwithstanding  their  neces- 
sarily tentative  character,  they  are  serving  a useful  purpose. 

DIVISION  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

International  cooperation  and  agreement  are  indispensable  in 
any  scheme  for  the  development  and  acceptance  of  the  principles 
of  international  law.  The  plan  of  work  of  this  Division  of  the 
Endowment  was,  therefore,  not  definitely  decided  upon  until 
after  the  Director  had  consulted  with  and  obtained  the  advice  of 
the  Institut  de  Droit  International,  among  whose  members  may  be 
found  the  most  distinguished  living  authorities  in  the  science. 
At  the  session  of  the  Institut  held  at  Christiania  in  August,  1912, 
it  formally  accepted  the  title  and  functions  of  general  adviser  to 
the  Division  of  International  Law,  which  had  been  offered  to  it  by 
the  Trustees  of  the  Endowment,  and  elected  eleven  of  the  lead- 
ing European  international  jurists,  pubhcists,  statesmen  and  dip- 
lomats to  act  as  a special  consultative  committee,  in  matters  of 
general  policy  for  the  Division.  From  this  eminent  consulting 
body,  much  valuable  advice  as  to  the  plan  and  scope  of  its  activi- 
ties was  obtained,  prior  to  the  outbreak  of  the  European  War. 

The  largest  part  and  what  may  be  called  the  regular  routine 
work  of  the  Division  consists  in  the  collection  of  materials  for  the 
compilation,  editing  and  publication,  in  pamphlet  and  volume 
form,  of  international  conventions,  treatises,  judicial  decisions, 
and  documents  explaining  and  interpreting  international  law,  or 
which  may  be  regarded  as  epochal  in  the  development  of  its  prin- 
ciples, many  of  which  are  little  known  or  not  readily  accessible, 
but  whose  general  circulation  will  promote  the  objects  for  which 
the  Division  was  estabhshed. 

The  pamphlet  series  now  numbers  over  thirty  and  the  volumes 
over  thirty.  They  include  volumes  on  the  Hague  Conventions 
and  Declarations  of  1899  and  1907,  printed  in  both  pamphlet 
and  volume  form,  and  in  several  languages,  the  decisions 
of  the  Hague  Tribunals  of  Arbitration,  and  other  authoritative 
documents  setting  forth  the  work  and  achievements  of  the  Hague 
Peace  Conferences  and  books  on  the  Declaration  of  London,  The 


17 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


Establishment  of  an  International  Court  of  Justice,  Treaties  for  the 
Advancement  of  Peace,  Diplomatic  Documents  relating  to  the 
Outbreak  of  the  European  War,  etc.  A large  number  of  additional 
pamphlets  and  volumes  are  in  press  or  in  preparation,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  an  English  translation  of  the  complete 
proceedings  of  the  two  Hague  Conferences,  and  the  following 
special  series: 

(a)  The  Classics  of  International  Law,  begun  in  1906  by  the 
Carnegie  Institution,  but  transferred  on  January  1,  1917,  to  the 
Division  of  International  Law,  being  a reproduction  of  classic 
works  connected  with  the  history  and  development  of  inter- 
national law,  which  has  been  undertaken  on  account  of  the  diffi- 
culty of  procuring  the  texts  in  convenient  form  for  scientific  study. 

(b)  The  Bibliotheque  Internationale  du  Droit  des  Gens,  a col- 
lection of  important  treatises  on  international  law,  originally  pub- 
lished in  languages  not  universally  used  and  now  translated  and 
published  by  the  Endowment  in  French,  the  diplomatic  language 
of  the  world,  so  as  to  make  their  contents  more  generally  accessible. 

(c)  A collection  of  all  known  international  arbitrations,  under 
the  supervision  of  Professor  John  Bassett  Moore,  which  has  been 
in  progress  since  1912,  and  which  it  is  estimated  will  eventually 
require  twenty-five  volumes. 

(d)  A collection  of  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  in  controversies  between  States,  accompanied  by 
an  essay  by  the  Director  on  the  practice  and  procedure  of  the 
Supreme  Court  in  such  matters,  and  a fourth  volume  in  the  series 
containing  a study  of  the  United  States  as  an  example  of  interna- 
tional organization. 

(e)  Several  collections  on  Latin  American  relations,  including 
arbitration  treaties,  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  and  a documentary 
diplomatic  history  of  the  emancipation  of  the  Latin  American 
countries. 

Besides  the  work  done  in  the  Division  itself,  it  has  undertaken 
as  a part  of  its  regular  activities  to  encourage,  support  and  main- 
tain other  institutions  engaged  in  promoting  the  same  or  similar 
objects.  This  aid  has  been  extended:  (a)  By  granting  annual 


18 


for  International  Peace 


subventions  to  international  organizations,  such  as  the  Institut  de 
Droit  International,  the  Societe  de  Legislation  Comparee,  the  Amer- 
ican Society  for  Judicial  Settlement  of  International  Disputes, 
and  the  Grotius  Society  of  London.  In  this  connection,  the  part 
played  by  the  Division,  in  the  creation  and  maintenance  of  the 
American  Institute  of  International  Law,  deserves  special  men- 
tion. Through  the  initiative  of  the  Division,  national  societies 
of  international  law  have  been  organized  in  every  American 
country,  and  a central  body,  composed  of  representatives  chosen 
from  these  societies,  has  been  estabhshed  under  the  name  of  the 
American  Institute  of  International  Law,  which  has  received 
the  financial  support  of  the  Endowment  toward  the  expenses  of 
its  meetings  and  the  issuance  of  its  pubhcations,  notable  among 
which  is  its  Declaration  of  the  Rights  and  Duties  of  Nations 
(see  page  21),  adopted  at  its  inaugural  session  held  at  Washing- 
ton in  1916  under  the  auspices  of  the  Second  Pan  American 
Scientific  Congress,  (b)  By  contributing  toward  the  expenses  of 
pubhshing  the  several  weU  known  European  journals  of  interna- 
tional law  and  the  Japanese  journal  which,  on  account  of  their 
scientific  character  and  consequently  limited  circulation,  had  here- 
tofore been  published  at  a personal  loss  to  the  editors,  (c)  By 
making  it  possible  for  individual  authors  to  secure  the  publication 
of  meritorious  works  on  international  law  which,  because  of  their 
technical  nature,  are  not  attractive  as  commercial  ventures. 
This  aid  has  taken  the  form  of  a guaranty  by  the  Endowment 
of  the  expenses  of  publication,  and  through  this  means,  a number 
of  valuable  contributions  to  the  science  have  made  their 
appearance  which  it  is  beheved  would  otherwise  have  remained 
unknown. 

Academy  of  International  Law 

One  of  the  first  undertakings  of  the  Division  was  to  promote 
the  estabhshment  of  an  Academy  of  International  Law  at  The 
Hague  with  a teaching  and  student  body  representative  of  all 
the  leading  nations  of  the  world.  This  unique  project  has  thus 
far  failed  of  realization;  two  months  before  the  date  set  for  the 


19 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


opening  of  the  academy  the  outbreak  of  the  European  War 
necessitated  its  indefinite  postponement. 

In  1911  the  Division  published  an  exhaustive  report  upon  the 
teaching  of  international  law,  in  the  educational  institutions  of 
the  United  States.  Three  years  later  a conference  of  American 
teachers  of  international  law  was  held  under  its  auspices.  This 
conference  adopted  a series  of  recommendations,  designed  to  en- 
courage the  study  and  strengthen  the  teaching  of  international 
law,  which  the  Division  has  been  instrumental  in  putting  into 
effect.  The  recommendations  for  the  establishment  of  fellow- 
ships in  international  law  to  provide  a corps  of  competent  teach- 
ers in  the  subject,  has  been  effected  directly  by  the  Division, 
which  now  awards  such  fellowships  as  an  annual  feature  of  its 
work. 

The  Division  has,  from  time  to  time,  brought  eminent  foreign 
international  authorities  to  the  United  States,  to  deliver  courses 
of  lectures  before  its  colleges  and  universities. 

In  addition  to  its  regular  work  the  Division,  since  the  entry  of 
the  United  States  into  the  war,  has  devoted  a great  deal  of  its 
time  and  resources,  pursuant  to  the  offer  of  its  services  to  the 
government  by  the  Trustees,^  to  special  work  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  State,  with  respect  to  the  effect  of  the  war  on  the  princi- 
ples and  rules  of  international  law,  with  respect  to  proposals 
which  have  been  made  for  a world  organization,  and  with  respect 
to  other  technical  and  scientific  questions  incident  to  the  great 
conflict.  To  enable  the  Division  to  prosecute  this  work  in  time 
for  use  at  the  Peace  Conference  the  personnel  was  largely  aug- 
mented and  the  ordinary  funds  of  the  Division  increased  by  the 
addition  of  thirty  thousand  dollars. 

1 See  supra,  page  10. 


20 


o 

Q 


Boahd  Room  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment,  Washington, 


V 


THE  RIGHTS  AND  DUTIES  OF  NATIONS 

The  American  Institute  of  International  Law,  at  its  first  session,  held  in 
the  City  of  Washington,  on  January  6,  1916,  adopted  the  following  six  articles, 
to  be  known  as  its  Declaration  of  the  Rights  and  Duties  of  Nations.  (See 
page  19.)  It  has  been  translated  into  many  languages,  and  has  received  world- 
wide approval: 

I.  Every  nation  has  the  right  to  exist,  and  to  protect  and  to 
conserve  its  existence;  but  this  right  neither  implies  the  right  nor 
justifies  the  act  of  the  state  to  protect  itself  or  to  conserve  its 
existence  by  the  commission  of  unlawful  acts  against  innocent 
and  unoffending  states. 

II.  Every  nation  has  the  right  to  independence  in  the  sense 
that  it  has  a right  to  the  pursuit  of  happiness  and  is  free  to 
develop  itself  without  interference  or  control  from  other  states, 
provided  that  in  so  doing  it  does  not  interfere  with  or  violate 
the  rights  of  other  states. 

III.  Every  nation  is  in  law  and  before  law  the  equal  of  every 
other  nation  belonging  to  the  society  of  nations,  and  all  nations 
have  the  right  to  claim  and,  according  to  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  of  the  United  States,  “to  assume,  among  the 
powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  station  to  which  the 
laws  of  nature  and  of  nature’s  God  entitle  them.” 

IV.  Every  nation  has  the  right  to  territory  within  defined 
boundaries  and  to  exercise  exclusive  jurisdiction  over  its  ter- 
ritory, and  all  persons  whether  native  or  foreign  found  therein. 

V.  Every  nation  entitled  to  a right  by  the  law  of  nations  is 
entitled  to  have  that  right  respected  and  protected  by  all  other 
nations,  for  right  and  duty  are  correlative,  and  the  right  of  one 
is  the  duty  of  all  to  observe. 

VI.  International  law  is  at  one  and  the  same  time  both  national 
and  international : national  in  the  sense  that  it  is  the  law  of  the 
land  and  applicable  as  such  to  the  decision  of  all  questions  in- 
volving its  principles;  international  in  the  sense  that  it  is  the  law 
of  the  society  of  nations  and  applicable  as  such  to  all  questions 
between  and  among  the  members  of  the  society  of  nations 
involving  its  principles. 


21 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


APPENDIX 


ADMINISTRATION 

Secretary,  James  Brown  Scott 
Assistant  Secretary  and  Statistician,  S.  N.  D.  North 
Assistant  to  the  Secretary,  George  A.  Finch 
Office,  2 Jackson  Place,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Telephone,  Main  3428.  Cable,  Interpax,  Washington 

DIVISIONAL  ORGANIZATION 

I 

DIVISION  OF  INTERCOURSE  AND  EDUCATION 
Director,  Nicholas  Murray  Butler 
Assistant  to  the  Director,  Henry  S.  Haskell 

Office,  407  West  117th  Street,  New  York  City 
Telephone,  8644  Morningside.  Cable,  Interpax,  New  York 

Special  Correspondents 
Sir  William  J.  Collins,  London,  England 
Edoardo  Giretti,  Pi^mont,  Italy 
Christian  L.  Lange,  Christiania,  Norway 
T.  Miyaoka,  Tokio,  Japan 
Otfried  Nippold,  Thun,  Switzerland 

European  Organization 

Advisory  Council 

President,  Baron  Paul  d’Estournelles  de  Constant,  Paris,  France 
Fredrik  Bajer,  Copenhagen,  Denmark 
L£on  Bourgeois,  Paris,  France 
Rt.  Hon.  Sir  John  Brunner,  Chertsey,  England 
Rt.  Hon.  Thomas  Burt,  Newcastle,  England 
Eduardo  Dato,  Madrid,  Spain 
Jean  Efremoff,  Petrograd,  Russia 
Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Fry,i  Bristol,  England 
Prof.  Hans  J.  Horst,  Christiania,  Norway 
Auguste  Houzeau  de  Lehaie,  Mons,  Belgium 
Henri  La  Fontaine,  Brussels,  Belgium 
Alfred  Lagerheim,  Stockholm,  Sweden 
Lou  Tseng-tsiang,  Peking,  China 
^ Died  October  19,  1918. 


22 


for  International  Peace 


J.  Ramsay  MacDonald,  London,  England 

Rt.  Hon.  Viscount  Morley  op  Blackburn,  London,  England 

Count  Shigenobu  Okuma,  Tokio,  Japan 

Alberto  d’Ouveira,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil 

Prof.  Charles  Richet,  Paris,  France 

Khan  Montas  es  Saltaneh  Samad  (Persia),  Paris,  France 

Ernest  Solvay,  Brussels,  Belgium 

Rt.  Hon.  Baron  Weardale,  London,  England 

Prof.  Andr^:  Weiss,  Paris,  France 

European  Bureau 

Secretary  General,  Jules-Jean  Prudhommeaux 
Secretary,  Jules  Louis  Puech 
Avditor,  Th.  Ruyssen 

Office  of  Secretariat,  24  rue  Pierre  Curie,  Paris,  France 
Correspondents  of  the  European  Bureau 
Ernst  Beckman,  Djursholm  pres  de  Stockholm,  Sweden 
CoRRAGiONi  d’Orelli,  Paris,  France 
Jacques  Dumas,  Versailles,  France 
Edoardo  Giretti,  Pi^mont,  Italy 

Ralph  Lane  (better  known  as  Norman  Angell),  London,  England 

Christian  L.  Lange,  Christiania,  Norway 

V.  A.  Maklakoff,  Petrograd,  Russia 

Henri  Monnier,  La  Chaux-de-Fonds,  Switzerland 

Theodore  Ruyssen,  Bordeaux,  France 

E.  S^m^;noff,  Petrograd,  Russia 

Sanchez  de  Silvera,  Nantes,  France 

II 

DIVISION  OF  ECONOMICS  AND  HISTORY 
Director,  John  Bates  Clark 

Office,  407  West  117th  Street,  New  York  City 
Telephone,  8644  Morningside.  Cable,  Interpax,  New  York 

Committee  op  Research 
Eugene  Borel,  Geneva,  Switzerland 
Henri  La  Fontaine,  Brussels,  Belgium 
Charles  Gide,  Paris,  France 
H.  B.  Greven,  Leyden,  Holland 
Francis  W.  Hirst,  London,  England 
Davtd  Kinley,  Urbana,  Illinois 
Luigi  Luzzatti,  Rome,  Italy 
Gotaro  Oqawa,  Kioto,  Japan 


23 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


Sir  George  Paish,  Limpsfield,  Surrey,  England 

Maffeo  Pantaleoni,  Rome,  Italy 

Paul  S.  Reinsch,  American  Minister,  Peking,  China 

Baron  Y.  Sakatani,  Tokio,  Japan 

Harald  Westergaard,  Copenhagen,  Denmark 

III 

DIVISION  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

Director,  James  Brown  Scott 
Assistant  Director,  George  A.  Finch 

Office,  2 Jackson  Place,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Telephone,  Main  3428.  Cable,  Interpax,  Washington 

General  Adviser  to  the  Division  of  International  Law 

L’Institut  de  Droit  International 

Gregers  W.  W.  Gram,  Norway 

Francis  Hagerup,  Norway 

Sir  Thomas  Erskine  Holland,  Great  Britain 

Charles  Edouard  Lardy,  Switzerland 

Alb^ric  Rolin,  Belgium 

Milenko  R.  Vesnitch,  Serbia 

Bibliotheque  Internationale  du  Droit  des  Gens 

Director,  A.  G.  de  Lapradelle 

Office,  2 rue  Lecourbe,  Paris,  France 

Academy  of  International  Law  at  the  Hague 

Established  with  the  Cooperation  of  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International 

Peace 

Alejandro  Alvarez,  Chile 

Baron  Descamps,  Belgium 

Carl  Goos,  Denmark 

Francis  Hagerup,  Norway 

Th.  Heemskerk,  The  Netherlands 

Charles  Edouard  Lardy,  Switzerland 

Lord  Reay,  Great  Britain 

James  Brown  Scott,  United  States 

Baron  Michel  de  Taube,  Russia 


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for  International  Peace 


MR.  CARNEGIE’S  LETTER  TO  THE  TRUSTEES 

December  14,  1910. 

Gentlemen:  I hav  transferd  to  you  as  Trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Peace 
Fund,  Ten  Million  Dollars  of  Five  Per  Cent  First  Mortgage  Bonds,  the  reve- 
nue of  which  is  to  be  administerd  by  you  to  hasten  the  abolition  of  international 
war,  the  foulest  blot  upon  our  civilization.  Altho  we  no  longer  eat  our  fellow 
men  nor  torture  prisoners,  nor  sack  cities  killing  their  inhabitants,  we  still  kill 
each  other  in  war  like  barbarians.  Only  wild  beasts  are  excusable  for  doing 
that  in  tliis,  the  twentieth  century  of  the  Christian  era,  for  the  crime  of  war  is 
inherent,  since  it  decides  not  in  favor  of  the  right,  but  always  of  the  strong. 
The  nation  is  criminal  which  refuses  arbitration  and  drives  its  adversary  to  a 
tribunal  which  knows  nothing  of  righteous  judgment.  . . . 

In  order  to  giv  effect  to  this  gift,  it  will  be  suitable  that  the  Trustees  herein 
named  shall  form  a corporation  with  lawful  powers  appropriate  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  purposes  herein  exprest  and  I authorize  the  conveyance  of 
the  fund  to  such  a corporation. 

The  Trustees  hav  power  to  sell,  invest,  or  reinvest  all  funds,  either  in  the 
United  States  or  in  other  countries,  subject  as  respects  investments  in  the 
United  States  to  no  more  restriction  than  is  imposed  upon  savings  banks  or 
insurance  companies  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

No  personal  liability  will  attach  to  Trustees  for  their  action  or  nonaction  as 
Trustees.  They  m.ay  act  as  a Board.  They  hav  power  to  fill  vacancies  or  to 
add  to  their  number  and  to  employ  all  officials  and  to  fix  their  compensation 
whether  members  of  the  Board  or  not.  Trustees  shall  be  reimburst  all  ex- 
penses incimd  in  connection  with  their  duties  as  Trustees,  including  traveling 
expenses  attending  meetings,  including  expenses  of  wife  or  dauter  to  each 
annual  meeting.  A majority  of  the  Trustees  may  act  for  the  whole.  The 
President  shall  be  granted  such  honoraria  as  the  Trustees  think  proper  and  as 
he  can  be  prevaild  upon  to  accept. 

Lines  of  future  action  can  not  be  wisely  laid  down.  Many  may  hav  to  be 
tried,  and  having  full  confidence  in  my  Trustees  I leav  to  them  the  widest 
discretion  as  to  the  mesures  and  poUcy  they  shall  from  time  to  time  adopt, 
only  premising  that  the  one  end  they  shall  keep  unceasingly  in  view  until  it  is 
attaind,  is  the  speedy  abolition  of  international  war  between  so-cald  civilized 
nations. 

When  civilized  nations  enter  into  such  treaties  as  named,  and  war  is  discarded 
as  disgraceful  to  civihzed  men,  as  personal  war  (duelling)  and  man  selling  and 
buying  (slavery)  hav  been  discarded  within  the  wide  boundaries  of  our  Eng- 
hsh-spealdng  race,  the  Trustees  will  pleas  then  consider  what  is  the  next  most 
degrading  remaining  evil  or  evils  whose  banishment — or  what  new  elevating 
element  or  elements  if  introduced  or  fosterd,  or  both  combined — ^would  most 
advance  the  progress,  elevation  and  happiness  of  man,  and  so  on  from  century 

25 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


to  century  without  end,  my  Trustees  of  each  age  shall  determin  how  they  can 
best  aid  man  in  his  upward  march  to  higher  and  higher  stages  of  development 
unceasingly;  for  now  we  know  that  man  was  created,  not  with  an  instinct  for 
his  own  degradation,  but  imbued  with  the  desire  and  the  power  for  improve- 
ment to  which,  perchance,  there  may  be  no  limit  short  of  perfection  even  here 
in  this  hfe  upon  erth. 

Let  my  Trustees  therefore  ask  themselvs  from  time  to  time,  from  age  to 
age,  how  they  can  best  help  man  in  his  glorious  ascent  onward  and  upward  and 
to  this  end  devote  this  fund. 

Thanking  you  for  your  cordial  acceptance  of  this  trust  and  your  harty 
approval  of  its  object,  I am 

Very  gratefully  yours, 

Andrew  Carnegie. 

Witness: 

Louise  Whitfield  Carnegie. 

Margaret  Carnegie. 

RESOLUTIONS  OF  ACCEPTANCE 

Resolved,  That  the  Trust  Fund,  for  the  promotion  of  peace,  specified  in 
the  instrument  subscribed  to  and  delivered  this  day  by  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie, 
be  and  it  is  hereby  accepted  for  the  purposes  prescribed  by  the  donor. 

Resolved,  That  in  undertaking  to  hold  and  use,  in  trust,  this  munificent 
gift  for  the  benefit  of  mankind,  the  Trustees  are  moved  by  a deep  sense  of  the 
sincere  and  noble  spirit  of  humanity  which  inspires  the  donor  of  the  Fund. 
They  feel  that  all  thoughtful  men  and  v^omen  should  be  grateful  to  him,  and 
should  be  glad  to  aid,  so  far  as  hes  within  their  power,  towards  the  accomplish- 
ment of  the  much-to-be-desired  end  upon  which  he  has  fixed  his  hopes,  and  to 
which  he  desires  to  contribute.  They  are  not  unmindful  of  the  delicacy  and 
difficulty  involved  in  deahng  with  so  great  a sum,  for  such  a purpose,  wisely  and 
not  mischievously,  and  in  ways  which  shall  be  practical  and  effective.  They 
accept  the  Trust  in  the  belief  that,  although  doubtless  many  mistakes  may  be 
made,  great  and  permanent  good  can  be  accomplished. 


BY-LAWS 

ARTICLE  I 

Section  1.  Pending  the  incorporation  of  the  Trustees,  the  business  of  the 
Trust  shall  be  conducted  by  the  Trustees  as  an  unincorporated  association,  and 
shall  be  managed  and  controlled  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  which  shall  consist 
of  twenty-eight  members,  who  shall  hold  office  continuously  and  not  for  a 
stated  term. 


26 


for  International  Peace 


The  name  of  the  association  shall  be  “Carnegie  Endowment  for  International 
Peace.” 

Section  2.  Vacancies  in,  the  Board  of  Trustees  shall  be  filled  by  the  Trus- 
tees, by  ballot,  by  a vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  Trustees  present  at  a meeting. 
No  person  shall  be  elected,  however,  who  shall  not  have  been  nominated,  in 
writing,  by  some  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  twenty  days  before  an 
annual  or  special  meeting.  A fist  of  the  persons  so  nominated,  with  the  names 
of  the  proposers,  shall  be  mailed  to  each  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
twenty  days  before  a meeting,  and  no  other  nomination  shall  be  considered 
except  by  the  imanimous  consent  of  the  Trustees  present. 

Section  3.  In  case  any  Trustee  shall  fail  to  attend  three  successive  annual 
meetings  of  the  Board,  he  shall  thereupon  cease  to  be  a Trustee. 

Section  4.  No  Trustee  shall  receive  any  compensation  for  his  services  as 
such. 

abticle  II 

Section  1.  The  principal  oflice  of  the  association  shall  be  in  the  City  of 
Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  shall  be  held  on  the  third  Friday  of  April  in  each  year. 

Section  2.  Special  meetings  of  the  Board  may  be  called  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  such  place  as  the  Committee  shall  determine,  by  notice  served 
personally  upon  or  mailed  to  the  usual  address  of  each  Trustee,  twenty  days 
prior  to  the  meeting,  as  the  names  and  addresses  of  such  Trustees  appear  upon 
the  books  of  the  association. 

A special  meeting  of  the  Board  on  the  second  Friday  of  November  in  each 
year  shall  be  called  and  held  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  section, 
for  the  transaction  of  such  business  as  the  Board  shall  determine  upon,  includ- 
ing any  special  appropriations  that  may  be  found  necessary. 

Section  3.  Special  meetings  shall  be  called  by  the  president  in  the  same 
manner  upon  the  written  request  of  seven  members  of  the  Board. 

Section  4.  A majority  of  the  Trustees  shall  constitute  a quorum. 

Section  5.  Prescribes  the  order  of  business  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees. 

abticle  m 

Section  1.  The  officers  of  the  association  shall  be  a president  and  a vice 
president,  who  shall  be  elected  from  the  members  of  the  Board  by  ballot  an- 
nually. There  shall  also  be  a secretary  elected  from  the  members  of  the  Board, 
who  shall  serve  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Board,  and  a treasurer,  who  may  or 
may  not  be  a member  of  the  Board,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  Board  and 
serve  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Board. 

abticle  IV 

Section  1.  The  president  shall  be  the  presiding  ofiicer  of  the  association 
and  chairman,  ex  officio,  of  the  Executive  Committee.  He  shall  preside  at  all 


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The  Carnegie  Endowment 


meetings  of  the  Board  or  the  Executive  Committee,  and  exercise  the  usual 
duties  of  a presiding  officer.  He  shall  have  general  supervision  of  all  matters 
of  administration  and  of  all  the  affairs  of  the  association. 

Section  2.  In  the  absence  or  disability  of  the  president,  his  duties  shall 
be  performed  by  the  vice  president. 

ARTICLE  v 

Section  1.  The  secretary  shall  be  the  chief  administrative  officer  of  the 
association  and,  subject  to  the  authority  of  the  Board  and  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, shall  have  immediate  charge  of  the  administration  of  its  affairs  and  of 
the  work  undertaken  by  it  or  with  its  funds.  He  shall  devote  his  entire  time 
to  the  work  of  the  association.  He  shall  prepare  and  submit  to  the  Board  of 
Trustees  and  to  the  Executive  Committee  plans,  suggestions  and  recommenda- 
tions for  the  work  of  the  association,  shall  carry  on  its  correspondence,  and 
generally  supervise  the  work  of  the  association.  He  shall  sign  and  execute  aU 
instruments  in  the  name  of  the  association  when  authorized  to  do  so  by  the 
Board  of  Trustees  or  by  the  Executive  Committee  or  the  Finance  Committee. 
He  shall  countersign  all  cheques,  orders,  bills  or  drafts  for  the  payment  of 
money,  and  shall  perform  the  usual  duties  cf  a secretary  and  such  other  duties 
as  may  be  assigned  to  him  by  the  Board  or  the  Executive  Committee. 

Section  2.  He  shall  be  the  legal  custodian  of  all  property  of  the  association 
whose  custody  is  not  otherwise  provided  for.  He  shall  submit  to  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  at  least  thirty  days  before  its  annual  meeting,  a WTitten  report  of 
the  operations  and  business  of  the  association  for  the  preceding  fiscal  year, 
with  such  recommendations  as  he  shall  approve. 

Section  3.  He  shall  act,  ex  officio,  as  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and 
of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  shall  have  custody  of  the  seal  and  affix  the 
same  when  directed  so  to  do  by  the  Board,  the  Executive  Committee  or  the 
Finance  Committee. 

Section  4.  An  assistant  secretary  may  be  appointed  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  perform  the  duties  or  exercise  the  powers  of  the  secretary,  or  some 
part  thereof. 

article  VI 

Section  1.  The  treasurer  shall  have  the  care  and  custody  of  all  funds  and 
property  of  the  association  as  distinguished  from  the  permanent  invested  funds 
and  securities,  and  shall  deposit  the  same  in  such  bank,  trust  company  or  de- 
pository as  the  Board  of  Trustees  or  the  Executive  Committee  shall  designate, 
and  shall,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board  or  the  Executive  Committee, 
disburse  and  dispose  of  the  same,  and  shall  perform  the  usual  duties  incident 
to  the  office  of  treasurer.  He  shall  report  to  each  meeting  of  the  Executive 
Committee.  He  shall  keep  proper  books  of  account  of  aU  moneys  or  disposi- 
tion of  property  received  and  paid  out  on  account  of  the  association,  and  shall 
exhibit  the  same  when  required  by  the  Executive  Committee,  the  Finance  Com- 


28 


for  International  Peace 


mittee  or  any  officer  of  the  association.  He  shall  submit  a report  of  the  ac- 
counts and  financial  condition  of  the  association,  and  of  all  moneys  received 
or  expended  by  him,  at  each  annual  meeting  of  the  association.  He  may  be 
required  to  give  a bond  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties,  in  such  sum  as 
the  Executive  Committee  may  require. 

Section  2.  An  assistant  treasurer  may  be  appointed  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  perform  the  duties  and  exercise  the  powers,  or  some  part  thereof,  of 
the  treasurer.  Such  assistant  treasurer  may  be  either  an  individual  or  a cor- 
poration, who  may  in  hke  manner  be  required  to  furnish  a bond. 

AKTICLE  VII 

Section  1.  There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee,  consisting  of  the  presi- 
dent, the  secretary,  and  five  other  Trustees  elected  by  the  Board  by  ballot  fora 
term  of  three  years  who  shall  be  eligible  for  reelection.  The  members  first 
elected  shall  determine  their  respective  terms  by  lot,  two  to  serve  three  years, 
two  to  serve  two  years  and  one  a single  year.  A member  elected  to  fill  a 
vacancy  shall  serve  for  the  remainder  of  the  term. 

Section  2.  The  Executive  Committee  shall,  subject  to  the  authority  of  the 
Board,  and  when  the  Board  is  not  in  session,  exercise  all  the  powers  of  the 
Board  in  the  management,  direction  and  supervision  of  the  business  and  the 
conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  association.  It  may  appoint  advisory  committees, 
or  agents,  with  such  powers  and  duties  as  it  shall  approve,  and  shall  fix  salaries 
of  officers,  agents  and  employes. 

Section  3.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  direct  the  manner  in  which  the 
books  and  accounts  of  the  association  shall  be  kept,  and  shall  cause  to  be  ex- 
amined from  time  to  time  the  accounts  and  vouchers  of  the  treasurer  for  moneys 
received  and  paid  out  by  him.  Such  committee  shall  submit  a written  report 
to  the  Board  at  each  meeting  of  the  Board,  and  shall  submit  an  annual  report 
to  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board. 

Section  4.  Whenever  any  vacancy  shall  occur  in  the  Executive  Committee 
or  in  the  office  of  secretary  or  treasurer,  or  in  any  other  office  of  the  associa- 
tion by  death,  resignation  or  otherwise,  the  vacancy  shall  be  filled  by  appoint- 
ment by  the  Executive  Committee  imtil  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees. 

Section  5.  A majority  of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  constitute  a 
quorum. 

AETICLE  VIII 

Section  1.  The  Finance  Committee  shall  consist  of  three  Trustees  to  be 
elected  by  the  Trustees  by  ballot  annually. 

Section  2.  The  Finance  Committee  shall  have  custody  of  the  permanent 
invested  funds  and  securities  of  the  association  and  general  charge  of  its  invest- 
ments, and  shall  care  for,  invest  and  dispose  of  the  same  subject  to  the  direc- 
tions of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  of  the  Executive  Committee.  It  shall  con- 


29 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


sider  and  recommend  to  the  Board  from  time  to  time  such  measures  as  in  its 
opinion  will  promote  the  financial  interests  of  the  association,  and  shall  make 
a report  at  each  annual  meeting  of  the  Board. 

Pending  incorporation  the  title  to  the  permanent  invested  funds  and  securi- 
ties of  the  association,  as  well  as  the  custody  thereof,  shall  be  vested  in  the 
Finance  Committee  in  trust  for  the  association. 

ARTICLE  IX 

The  terms  of  office  of  all  officers  and  of  all  members  of  committees  shall  con- 
tinue until  their  successors  in  each  case  are  appointed. 

ARTICLE  X 

Section  1.  The  fiscal  year  of  the  association  shall  commence  on  the  first 
day  of  July  in  each  year. 

Section  2.  The  Executive  Committee,  at  least  one  month  prior  to  the  an- 
nual meeting  in  each  year,  shall  cause  the  accounts  of  the  association  to  be 
audited  by  a skilled  accountant,  to  be  appointed  by  the  president,  and  shall 
submit  to  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  a full  statement  of  the 
finances  and  work  of  the  association,  and  shall  mail  to  each  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  a detailed  estimate  of  expenses  and  requirements  for  appro- 
priation for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year,  thirty  days  before  the  annual  meeting. 

Section  3.  The  Board  of  Trustees  at  the  annual  meeting  in  each  year  shall 
make  general  appropriations  for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year,  and  may  make  special 
appropriations  from  time  to  time. 

Section  4.  The  securities  of  the  association  and  other  evidences  of  property 
shall  be  deposited  under  such  safeguards  as  the  Trustees  or  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee shall  designate;  and  the  moneys  of  the  association  shall  be  deposited 
in  such  banks  or  depositories  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  designated  by  the 
Executive  Committee. 

ARTICLE  XI 

These  by-laws  may  be  amended  at  any  annual  or  special  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  by  a majority  vote  of  the  members  present,  provided  written 
notice  of  the  proposed  amendment  shall  be  personally  served  upon,  or  mailed 
to  the  usual  address  of,  each  member  of  the  Board  at  least  twenty  days  prior 
to  such  meeting. 

ARTICLE  XII 

The  Executive  Committee  is  hereby  empowered  to  accept,  on  behalf  of  the 
association,  a charter  of  the  tenor  and  form  reported  by  the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Representatives  to  the  House  on  the  third  day  of 
February,  1911  [H.  R.  32084,  “To  incorporate  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for 
International  Peace”],  and  laid  before  the  Trustees  of  this  association  on  the 
ninth  day  of  March,  1911,  with  such  alterations  and  amendments  thereto  as 


30 


for  International  Peace 


may  be  imposed  by  Congress  and  are  not,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  inconsistent  with  the  effective  prosecution  of  the  purposes  of  the 
association. 

Upon  the  granting  of  such  charter  the  property  and  business  of  the  asso- 
ciation shall  be  transferred  to  the  corporation  so  formed  and  a meeting  of  the 
Trustees  shall  be  called  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  and  directing  the  further 
conduct  of  the  business  by  the  corporation. 


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The  Carnegie  Endowment 


LIST  OF  PUBLICATIONS 

Publications  of  the  Secretary’s  Office 

Year  Books  of  the  Endowment  for  1911,  1912,  1913-1914, 1915,  1916,  1917,  1918  and  1919. 

Manual  of  the  Public  Benefactions  of  Andrew  Carnegie. 

Publications  of  the  Division  of  Intercoiuse  and  Education 

No.  1 Some  Roads  Towards  Peace:  A Report  on  Observations  Made  in  China  and  Japan  in 
1912.  By  Dr.  Charles  W.  Eliot.  vi+88p.  1914. 

No.  2t  German  International  Progress  in  1913.  By  Professor  Dr.  Wilhelm  Paszkowski. 
iii  + llp.  1914. 

No.  3 Educational  Exchange  with  Japan.  By  Dr.  Hamilton  W.  Mabie.  8p.  1914. 

No.  4 1 Report  of  the  International  Commission  to  Inquire  into  the  Causes  and  Conduct  of 
the  Balkan  Wars.  ix+418p.,illus.,map3.  1914. 

No.  5 1 Intellectual  and  Cultural  Relations  Between  the  United  States  and  the  Other  Repub- 
lics of  America.  By  Dr.  Harry  Erwin  Bard,  iv-t-35  p.  1914. 

No.  6 1 Growth  of  Internationalism  in  Japan.  By  T.  Miyaoka.  iii-1-15  p.  1915. 

No.  7 1 For  Better  Relations  with  our  Latin  American  Neighbors:  A Journey  to  South  Amer- 
ica. [English  Edition.]  By  Robert  Bacon.  viii  + lSGp.  1915. 

No.  8t  The  Same,  in  the  Original  Spanish,  Portuguese  and  French.  viii-|-221  p.  1915. 

A second  edition  of  Mr.  Bacon’s  report,  containing  Nos.  7 and  8 in  one  volume, 
has  also  been  published,  copies  of  which  are  still  available. 

No.  9 Former  Senator  Burton’s  Trip  to  South  America.  By  Otto  Schoenrich.  iii-|-40  p. 
1915. 

No.  lot  Problems  About  War  for  Classes  in  Arithmetic.  By  David  Eugene  Smith,  Ph.D., 
LL.D.  23  p.  1915. 

No.  lit  Hygiene  and  War;  Suggestions  for  Makers  of  Textbooks  and  for  Use  in  Schools. 
By  George  Ellis  Jones,  Ph.D.  207  p.  1917. 

No.  12  Russia,  theRevolution  and  the  War.  An  Account  of  a Visit  to  Petrograd  and  Helsing- 
fors in  March,  1917.  By  Dr.  Christian  L.  Lange,  Secretary  General  of  the  Inter- 
parliamentary Union.  26  p.  1917. 

No.  13  Greetings  to  the  New  Russia.  Addresses  at  a meeting  held  at  the  Hudson  Theater, 
New  York,  April  23,  1917,  under  the  auspices  of  the  National  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Letters.  14  p.  1917. 

No.  14  South  American  Opinions  of  the  War:  I.  Chile  and  the  War,  by  Carlos  Silva  Vildd- 
Bola;  II.  The  Attitude  of  Ecuador.  By  NicolAs  F.  Lopez.  Translated  from  the 
Spanish  by  Peter  H.  Goldsmith.  27  p.  1917. 

No.  15  The  Imperial  Japanese  Mission,  1917.  A record  of  the  reception  throughout  the 
United  States  of  the  Special  Mission  headed  by  Viscount  Ishii,  together  with  the 
text  of  the  Lansing-Ishii  agreement  of  1917  on  the  status  of  Japan  and  the  United 
States  in  China,  and  the  text  of  the  Root-Takahira  understanding  of  1908.  Fore- 
word by  Elihu  Root.  125  p.  1918. 

No.  18  Growth  of  Liberalism  in  Japan.  Two  addresses  delivered  by  T.  Miyaoka  before  the 
American  Bar  Association  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  August  29,  1918,  and  before  the 
Canadian  Bar  Association  at  Montreal,  Canada,  September  5,  1918.  24  p.  1918. 

Publications  of  the  Division  of  Economics  and  History 

Nationalism  and  War  in  the  Near  East.  By  a Diplomatist.  Edited  by  Lord  Courtney  of  Pen- 
with.  Published  by  the  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  England,  xrvi-1-434  p.  1915. 
Price,  in  Great  Britain,  12s.  6<f.;  in  U.  S.,  $4.15. 

tNo  longer  available  for  distribution. 

32 


for  International  Peace 


The  Industrial  Development  and  Commercial  Policies  of  the  Three  Scandinavian  Countries. 

By  Povl  Drachmann.  Edited  by  Harald  Westergaard,  LL.D.  Published  by  the 
Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  England.  130  p.  1915.  Price,  in  Great  Britain,  4s.  6(1. ; 
in  U.  S.,  $1.50. 

Losses  of  Life  in  Modern  Wars:  Austria-Hungary;  France.  By  Gaston  Bodart,  LL.D. 

Military  Selection  and  Race  Deterioration.  By  Vernon  Lyman  Kellogg.  Edited 
by  Harald  Westergaard,  LL.D.  Published  by  the  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  Eng- 
land. x-f-207-1-6  p.  1916.  Price, inGreatBritain, 6s.;  inU.  S., $2.00. 

Economic  Protectionism.  By  Josef  Grunzel.  Edited  by  Eugen  von  Philippovich.  Pub- 
lished by  the  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  England.  xiii-f-357-t-6  p.  1916.  Price,  in 
Great  Britain,  8s.  6(1.;  in  U.  S.,  $2.90. 

Epidemics  Resulting  from  Wars.  By  Dr.  Friedrich  Prinzing.  Edited  by  Harald  Westergaard, 
LL.D.  Published  by  the  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  England,  xii -+-340 -|-6  p.  1916. 
Price,  in  Great  Britain,  7s.  6(1.;  inU.  S.,  $2.50. 

The  Colonial  Tariff  Policy  of  France.  By  Arthur  Girault.  Edited  by  Charles  Gide.  Pub- 
lished by  the  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  England.  x-l-305-l-6p.  1916.  Price,  in 

Great  Britain,  7s.  6<1.;  in  U.  S.,  $2.50. 

The  Five  Republics  of  Central  America. — ^Their  Political  and  Economic  Development  and  Their 
Relations  with  the  United  States.  By  Dana  G.  Munro.  Edited  by  David  Kinley. 
Published  by  the  Oxford  University  Press,  American  Branch,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
xvi-l-332  p.  1918.  Price,  $3.50. 

Federal  Military  Pensions  in  the  United  States.  By  William  H.  Glasson.  Edited  by  David 
Kinley.  Published  by  the  Oxford  University  Press,  American  Branch,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  xii -1-305  p.  1918.  Price,  $2.50. 

Fiscal  Freedom  of  Canada  and  the  Other  British  Dominions.  By  Edward  Porritt.  Edited  by 
David  Kinley.  Published  by  the  Oxford  University  Press,  American  Branch,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  In  Press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

Peeliminabt  Economic  Studies  of  the  War 

(Cloth  bound  copies  of  these  studies  can  be  purchased  from  the  Oxford  University  Press, 

American  Branch,  35  West  32d  Street,  New  York  City,  for  $1.00  each.  Paper  bound  copies  will 

be  sent  gratuitously  upon  application  to  the  Secretary,  2 Jackson  Place,  Washington,  D.  C.) 

No.  1 Early  Economic  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Canada.  By  Adam  Shortt,  formerly  Com- 
missioner of  the  Canadian  Civil  Service,  now  Chairman,  Board  of  Historical  Publi- 
cations, Canada. 

No.  2 Early  Effects  of  the  European  War  upon  the  Finance,  Commerce  and  Industry  of 
Chile.  By  L.  S.  Rowe,  Professor  of  Political  Science,  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

No.  3 War  Administration  of  the  Railways  in  the  United  States  and  GreatBritain.  ByFrank 
H.  Dixon,  Professor  of  Economics,  Dartmouth  College,  and  Julius  H.  Parmelee, 
Statistician,  Bureau  of  Railway  Economics. 

No.  4 Economic  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Women  and  Children  in  Great  Britain.  By  Irene 
Osgood  Andrews,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  American  Association  for  Labor  Legis- 
lation. 

No.  5 Direct  Costs  of  the  Present  War.  By  Ernest  L.  Bogart,  Professor  of  Economics, 
University  of  Illinois. 

No.  6 Effects  of  the  War  upon  Insurance,  with  Special  Reference  to  the  Substitution  of 
Insurance  for  Pensions.  By  William  F.  Gephart,  Professor  of  Economies,  Washing- 
ton University,  St.  Louis. 

No.  7 The  Financial  History  of  Great  Britain,  1914-1918.  By  Frank  L.  MoVey,  President, 
University  of  Kentucky. 

No.  8 British  War  Administration.  By  John  A.  Fairiie,  Professor  of  Political  Science,  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois. 

No.  9 Influence  of  the  Great  War  upon  Shipping.  By  J.  Russell  Smith,  Professor  of  Indus- 
try, University  of  Pennsylvania. 


33 


The  Carnegie  Endoioment 


No.  10  War  Thrift.  By  Thomas  Nixon  Carver,  Professor  of  Political  Economy,  Harvard 
University. 

No.  11  Effects  of  the  Great  War  upon  Agriculture  in  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain. 

By  Benjamin  H.  Hibbard,  Professor  of  Agricultural  Economics,  University  of 
Wisconsin. 

No.  12  Disabled  Soldiers  and  Sailors — Pensions  and  Training.  By  Edward  T.  Devine,  Pro- 
fessor of  Social  Economy,  Columbia  University. 

No.  13  Government  Control  of  the  Liquor  Business  in  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 
By  Thomas  Nixon  Carver,  Professor  of  Political  Economy,  Harvard  University. 

No.  14  British  Labor  Conditions  and  Legislation  during  the  War.  By  Matthew  B.  Ham- 
mond, Professor  of  Economics,  Ohio  State  University. 

No.  15  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Money,  Credit  and  Banking  in  France  and  the  United  States. 
By  B.  M.  Anderson,  Jr.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Economics,  Harvard  University. 

No.  16  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Negro  Labor  and  Migration  in  the  United  States.  By 
Emmett  J.  Scott,  Secretary,  Tuskegee  Institute. 

No.  17  International  Control  over  International  Trade  and  Investments.  By  Henry  C. 
Adams,  Professor  of  Political  Economy  and  Finance,  University  of  Michigan. 

No.  18  Government  War  Control  of  Industry  and  Trade,  with  Special  Reference  to  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States.  By  Charles  Whiting  Baker,  New  York  City. 

No.  19  Price  Control  in  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.  By  Simon  Litman,  Assistant 
Professor  of  Economics,  University  of  Illinois. 

No.  20  The  Relation  of  the  Economic  and  Social  Conditions  in  Southeastern  Europe  and  in 
Alsace-Lorraine  to  Conditions  of  Peace.  Two  volumes.  By  Stephen  Pierce  Duggan, 
Professor  of  Education,  College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

No.  21  The  Present  Situation  in  Russia  and  Its  Economic  and  Social  Background.  By 
A.  A.  Goldenweiser. 

No.  22  Effects  of  the  War  on  Pauperism,  Crime  and  Programs  of  Social  Welfare.  By  Edith 
Abbott,  Lecturer  in  Sociologj%  University  of  Chicago. 

No.  23  Monetary  Conditions  in  War  Times  in  India,  Mexico  and  the  Philippines.  By 
E.  W.  Kemmerer,  Professor  of  Economics  and  Finance,  Princeton  University. 

No.  24  Direct  and  Indirect  Costs  of  the  Great  World  War.  By  Ernest  L.  Bogart,  Professor 
of  Economics,  University  of  Illinois.  (Revised  edition  of  Study  No.  6.) 

No.  25  Government  War  Contracts.  By  John  F.  Crowell,  Consulting  Economist,  New  York 
City. 


Publications  of  the  Division  of  International  Law 

The  Hague  Conventions  and  Declarations  of  1899  and  1907.  Third  ed.  Edited  by  James 
Brown  Scott,  Director,  xxxiii  4-303  p.  1918  Price,  in  Great  Britain,  6s.;  in  U.  S., 
$2.00. 

French  edition,  xxxiii-1-318  p.  1918.  Price,  $2.00. 

Spanish  edition.  xxxv4-301  p.  1916.  Price,  $2.00. 

The  Freedom  of  the  Seas.  A dissertation  by  Hugo  Grotius.  Translated  with  a revision  of 
he  Latin  text  of  1633,  by  Ralph  Van  Deman  Magoffin,  Ph.D.  Edited  by  James 
Brown  Scott,  Director.  (Parallel  pages.)  xv4-83  p.  1916.  Price,  $2.00. 

Instructions  to  the  American  Delegates  to  the  Hague  Peace  Conferences  and  Their  Official 
Reports.  Edited  by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director,  v 4-138  p.  1916.  Price, 
$1.50. 

French  edition  in  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

The  Status  of  the  International  Court  of  Justice.  With  an  appendix  of  addresses  and  official 
documents.  By  James  Brown  Scott,  Director,  v-i-93  p.  1916.  Price,  $1.50. 

An  International  Court  of  Justice.  By  James  Brown  Scott,  Director.  ix-flOS  p.  1916. 
Price,  $1.50. 


34 


for  International  Peace 


Une  Cour  de  Justice  Internationale.  Par  James  Brown  Scott,  Directeur.  (French  edition  of 
An  International  Court  of  Justice  and  The  Status  of  the  International  Court  of 
Justice,  in  combination.)  vi+269  p.  1918.  Price,  $2.50. 

Recommendations  on  International  Law  and  Official  Commentary  Thereon  of  the  Second 
Pan  American  Scientific  Congress  Held  in  Washington,  December  27,  1915- Jan- 
uary 8,  1916.  Edited  by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director,  vii  -t-53  p.  1916.  Price, 
$1.00. 

An  Essay  on  a Congress  of  Nations  for  the  Adjustment  of  International  Disputes  without 
Resort  to  Arms.  By  William  Ladd.  Reprinted  from  the  original  edition  of  1840 , 
with  an  introduction  by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director,  xlviii -1-162  p.  1916. 
Price,  $2.00. 

The  Hague  Court  Reports,  comprising  the  awards,  accompanied  by  syllabi,  the  agreements  for 
arbitration,  and  other  documents  in  each  case  submitted  to  the  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration  and  to  commissions  of  inquiry  under  the  provisions  of  the  Conventions 
of  1899  and  1907  for  the  pacific  settlement  of  international  disputes.  Edited  bj- 
James  Brown  Scott,  Director,  cxi -1-664  p.  1916.  Price,  $3.50. 

French  edition  in  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

Resolutions  of  the  Institute  of  International  Law  Dealing  with  the  Law  of  Nations,  with  an 
historical  introduction  and  explanatory  notes.  Collected  and  translated  under  the 
supervision  of  and  edited  by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director.  . xlv  4-265  p.  1916. 
Price,  $2.00. 

French  edition  in  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

Diplomatic  Documents  Relating  to  the  Outbreak  of  the  European  War.  Edited  by  James 
Brown  Scott,  Director.  2 vols.  Ixxxi -1-1516  p.  1916.  Price,  $7.50. 

The  Declaration  of  Independence ; the  Articles  of  Confederation ; the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Edited,  with  an  introductory  note,  by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director. 
xix-l-94p.  1917.  Price,  $1.00. 

Russian  edition  in  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

The  Recommendations  of  Habana  Concerning  International  Organization  Adopted  by  the 
American  Institute  of  International  Law  at  Habana,  January  23,  1917.  Address 
andcommentaryby  James  Brown  Scott,  Director.  vi-plOOp.  1917.  Price,  $1.00. 

The  Controversy  over  Neutral  Rights  between  the  United  States  and  France,  1797-1800. 

A collection  of  American  State  Papers  and  Judicial  Decisions.  Edited  by  James 
Brown  Scott,  Director.  vi-|-510p.  1917.  Price,  $3.50. 

The  Reports  to  the  Hague  Conferences  of  1899  and  1907,  being  the  official  explanatory  and 
interpretative  commentary  accompanying  the  draft  conventions  and  declarations 
submitted  to  the  Conferences  by  the  several  commissions  charged  with  preparing 
them,  together  with  the  texts  of  the  Final  Acts,  Conventions  and  Declarations  as 
signed,  and  of  the  principal  proposals  offered  by  the  delegations  of  the  various  Powers 
as  well  as  of  other  documents  laid  before  the  commissions.  Edited,  with  an  intro- 
duction, by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director.  xxxii -t-940  p.  1917.  Price,  $5.00. 

French  edition  in  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

The  Armed  Neutralities  of  1780  and  1800.  A collection  of  official  documents  preceded  by  the 
views  of  representative  publicists.  Edited  by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director.  (A 
combination  of  Pamphlets  Nos.  27  and  28,  with  revisions  and  additions.) 
xxxi-f698  p.  1918.  Price,  $5.00. 

The  International  Union  of  the  Hague  Conferences.  By  Walther  Schiicking.  Translated 
from  the  German  by  Charles  G.  Fenwick,  xiv -1-341  p.  1918.  Price,  in  Great 
Britain,  7s.  6d.;  in  U.  S.,  $2.50. 

The  Problem  of  an  International  Court  of  Justice.  By  Hans  Wehberg.  Translated  from  the 
German  by  Charles  G.  Fenwick,  xxxiii -1-251  p.  1918.  Price,  in  Great  Britain, 
7s.  6d.;  in  U.  S.,  $2.50. 

The  Treaties  of  178s,  1799  and  1828  between  the  United  States  and  Prussia.  As  interpreted 
in  opinions  of  attorneys  general,  decisions  of  courts,  and  diplomatic  correspondence. 
Edited  by  James  Brown  Scott,  Director,  viii  4-207  p.  1918.  Price,  $2.00. 

35 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


Judicial  Settlement  of  Controversies  between  States  of  the  American  Union:  Cases  decided 
in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Collected  end  edited  by  James  Brown 
Scott,  Director.  2 vols.  xUi  + 1775p.  1918.  Price  to  be  announced. 

Judicial  Settlement  of  Controversies  between  States  of  the  American  Union:  An  analysis 
of  cases  decided  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  By  James  Brown 
Scott.  Director.  In  one  volume,  uniform  with  the  above,  viii+543  p.  In  press. 
Price  to  be  announced. 

The  United  States  of  America:  A Study  in  International  Organization.  An  essay  on  the  inter- 
national problems  met  and  solved  by  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  By  James  Brown  Scott,  Director.  493  p.  In  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

The  Declaration  of  London,  February  26,  1909.  A collection  of  official  papers  and  documents 
relating  to  the  International  Naval  Conference  held  in  London,  December,  1908- 
February,  1909.  With  an  introduction  by  Elihu  Root.  Edited  by  James  Brown 
Scott,  Director.  268  p.  In  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

The  Doctrine  of  National  Self-Determination.  A study  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  pleb- 
iscites, W'ith  a collection  of  official  documents.  By  Sarah  Wambaugh.  In  press. 
Price  to  be  announced. 

Treaties  for  the  Advancement  of  Peace,  concluded  by  the  United  States  with  foreign  govern- 
ments during  the  first  administration  of  President  Wilson  by  the  Honorable  William 
J.  Bryan,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States.  With  an  introduction  by  James 
Brown  Scott,  Director.  Ixv-fl52p.  In  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

War  and  Peace;  The  Evils  of  the  First,  and  a Plan  for  Preserving  the  Last.  By  William  Jay. 

Reprinted  from  the  original  edition  of  1842,  with  an  introduction  by  James  Brown 
Scott,  Director.  In  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 

Debates  in  the  Federal  Convention  of  1787  which  Framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  as  Reported  by  James  Madison.  International  Edition.  Edited  by 
Gaillard  Hunt  and  James  Brown  Scott.  In  three  parts:  Part  I,  Antecedents  of 
the  Federal  Convention;  Part  II,  The  Federal  Convention;  Part  III,  Documen- 
tary History.  In  press.  Price  to  be  announced. 


Pamphlet  Series 

No.  1 Arbitrations  and  Diplomatic  Settlements  of  the  United  States.  vii-h21p.  1914. 

No.  2 Limitation  of  Armament  on  the  Great  Lakes.  The  report  of  John  W.  Foster,  Secretary 
of  State,  tothePresidentoftheUnitedStates,December7, 1892.  vii-)-57  p.  1914. 

No.  3 Signatures,  Ratifications,  Adhesions  and  Reservations  to  the  Conventions  and  Dec- 
larations of  the  First  and  Second  Hague  Peace  Conferences,  vii  -|-32  p.  1914. 

No.  4 The  Hague  Conventions  of  1899  (I)  and  1907  (I)  for  the  Pacific  Settlement  of  Inter- 
national Disputes.  iv-l-48p.  1915. 

No.  5 The  Hague  Conventions  of  1899  (II)  and  1907  (TV)  Respecting  the  Laws  and  Customs 
of  War  on  Land.  iv-|-33p.  1915. 

No.  6 The  Hague  Conventions  of  1899  (HI)  and  1907  (X)  for  the  Adaptation  to  Maritime 
Warfare  of  the  Principles  of  the  Geneva  Convention.  iv-|-19  p.  1915. 

No.  7 The  Hague  Declarations  of  1899  (TV,  i)  and  1907  (XIV)  Prohibiting  the  Discharge 
of  Projectiles  and  Explosives  from  Balloons.  iv-)-5p.  1915. 

No.  8 The  Hague  Declaration  (IV,  2)  of  1899  Concerning  Asphyxiating  Gases,  iv-j-2  p. 
1915. 

No.  9 The  Hague  Declaration  (IV,  3)  of  1899  Concerning  Expanding  Bullets.  iv-h2  p. 
1915. 

No.  10  The  Final  Acts  of  the  First  and  Second  Hague  Peace  Conferences  together  with  the 
Draft  Convention  on  a Judicial  Arbitration  Court.  iv-l-40p.  1915. 

No.  11  The  Hague  Convention  (II)  of  1907  Respecting  the  Limitation  of  the  Employment  of 
Force  for  the  Recovery  of  Contract  Debts.  iv-f7  p.  1915. 


36 


/or  International  Peace 


No.  12  The  Hague  Convention  (in)  of  X907  Relative  to  the  Opening  of  Hostilities,  iv+4. 
1915. 

No.  13  The  Hague  Convention  (V)  of  1907  Respecting  the  Rights  and  Duties  of  Neutral 
Powers  and  Persons  in  Case  of  War  on  land,  iv  +8  p.  1915. 

No.  14  The  Hague  Convention  (VI)  of  1907  Relating  to  the  Status  of  Enemy  Merchant  Ships 
at  the  Outbreak  of  Hostilities.  iv+5p.  1915. 

No.  15  The  Hague  Convention  (VH)  of  1907  Relating  to  the  Conversion  of  Merchant  Ships 
into  War-ships.  iv-i-5p.  1915. 

No.  16  The  Hague  Convention  (Vlil)  of  1907  Relative  to  the  Laying  of  Automatic  Submarine 
Contact  Mines.  iv-t-6p.  1915. 

No.  17  The  Hague  Convention  (IX)  of  1907  Concerning  Bombardment  by  Naval  Forces  in 
Time  of  War.  iv+6p.  1915. 

No.  18  The  Hague  Convention  (XI)  of  1907  Relative  to  Certain  Restrictions  with  Regard  to 
the  Exercise  of  the  Right  of  Capture  in  Naval  War.  iv+6p.  1915. 

No.  19  The  Hague  Convention  (Xll)  of  1907  Relative  to  the  Creation  of  an  International 
Prize  Court.  iv+21p.  1915. 

No.  20  The  Hague  Convention  (XIH)  of  1907  Concerning  the  Rights  and  Duties  of  Neutral 
Powers  in  Naval  War.  iv+llp.  1915. 

No.  21  The  Geneva  Convention  of  1906  for  the  Amelioration  of  the  Condition  of  the  Wounded 
in  Armies  in  the  Field,  iv+17  p.  1916. 

No.  22  Documents  Respecting  the  Limitation  of  Armaments,  v-t-32  p.  1916. 

No.  23  Official  Communications  and  Speeches  Relating  to  Peace  Proposals.  vi-flOO  p. 
1917. 

No.  24  Documents  Relating  to  the  Controversy  over  Neutral  Rights  between  the  United 
States  and  France,  1797-1800.  vii-|-91  p.  1917. 

No.  25  Opinionsof  the  Attorneys  General  and  Judgments  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  Court  of 
Claims  of  the  United  States  Relating  to  the  Controversy  over  Neutral  Rights 
between  the  United  States  and  France,  1797-1800.  v+340p.  1917. 

No.  26  Opinions  of  Attorneys  General,  Decisions  of  Federal  Courts,  and  Diplomatic  Corres- 
pondence Respecting  the  Treaties  of  178s,  1799  and  1828,  between  the  United 
States  and  Prussia,  vi  +158  p.  1917. 

Supplement  to  Pamphlet  No.  26. 

No.  27  Official  Documents  Bearing  on  the  Armed  Neutrality  of  1780  and  1800.  x+295  p. 
1917. 

No.  28  Extracts  from  American  and  Foreign  Works  on  International  Law  Concerning  the 
Armed  Neutrality  of  1780  and  1800.  vi+109p.  1917. 

No.  29  Two  Ideals  of  Government.  v+17p.  1917. 

No.  30  The  Effect  of  Democracy  on  International  Law.  Opening  address  by  Elihu  Root  as 
President  of  the  American  Society  of  International  Law  at  the  Eleventh  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  Society  in  Washington,  April  26,  1917.  ii +10  p.  1917. 

No.  31  Peace  Proposals,  December  12,  1916,  to  November  11,  1918.  (Enlarged  edition  of 
Pamphlet  No.  23.)  xi  +486  p.  1919. 

CLASSICS  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

The  following  works  have  appeared  and  are  now  on  sale.  The  price  is  indicated  for  each  work. 

Ayala,  Balthazar:  De  Jure  et  Officiis  BeUicis  et  Disciplina  Militari.  Edited  by  John  Westlake, 
2 vols.  1912.  Price,  S7.00.  [No.  2 of  the  series.] 

Vol.  I.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  edition  of  1582,  with  portrait  of  Ayala, 
introduction  by  John  Westlake,  etc.  xxvii+226  p. 

Vol.  II.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  John  Pawley  Bate,  xii  +250  p. 

Legnano,  Giovanni  da:  De  Bello,  De  Repraesaliis  et  De  Duello.  Edited  by  Sir  Thomas  E. 

Holland.  1 vol.  1917.  xxxiii+458  p.  Price,  42s.  6ci.  in  Great  Britain;  $13.00 
in  the  United  States.  [No.  8 of  the  series.] 


37 


The  Carnegie  Endowment 


1.  Collotype  of  the  Bologna  Manuscript  of  1393,  with  extended  and  revised  text  of 

Bame,  introduction,  list  of  authorities  cited,  etc.,  by  Sir  Thomas  E.  Holland,  to- 
gether with  photograph  of  Legnano’s  Tomb. 

2.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  J.  L.  Brierly. 

3.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  first  edition  (1477). 

Rachel,  Samuel;  De  Jura  Naturae  et  Gentium  Dissertationes.  Edited  by  Ludwig  von  Bar. 
2 vols.  1916.  Price,  $4.00.  [No.  5 of  the  series.] 

Vol.  I.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  edition  of  1676,  with  portrait  of  Rachel, 
introduction  by  Ludwig  von  Bar,  and  list  of  errata.  16a  -f-x  -1-335  p. 

Vol.  II.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  John  Pawley  Bate,  with  index  of  authors  cited 
16a-i-iv-f233  p. 

Textor,  Johann  Wolfgang;  Synopsis  Juris  Gentium.  Edited  by  Ludwig  von  Bar.  2 vols. 
1916.  Price,  $4.00.  [No.  6 of  the  series.] 

Vol.  I.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  first  edition  (1680),  with  portrait  of  Textor, 
introduction  by  Ludwig  von  Bar,  and  list  of  errata.  28a -[-vi -1-148-1-168  p. 

Vol.  II.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  John  Pawley  Bate,  with  index  of  authors  cited. 
26a -fv -1-349  p. 

Vattel,  E.  de;  Le  Droit  des  Gens.  3 vols.  1916.  Price,  $8.00.  [No.  4 of  the  series.] 

Vol.  I.  A photographic  reproduction  of  Books  I and  II  of  the  first  edition  (1758),  with 
portrait  of  Vattel  and  introduction  by  Albert  de  Lapradelle.  Ux-1-541  p. 

Vol.  II.  A photographic  reproduction  of  Books  III  and  IV  of  the  first  edition  (1758). 
xxiv -1-376  p. 

Vol.  III.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  Charles  G.  Fenwick,  with  translation  (by  G.  D. 
Gregory)  of  introduction  by  Albert  de  Lapradelle.  Ixxxviii  -1-398  p. 

Victoria,  Franciscus  de:  Relectiones:  De  Indis  and  De  lure  Belli.  Edited  by  Ernest  Nys.  1 
vol.  1917.  500  p.  Price,  $3.00.  [No.  7 of  the  series.] 

1.  Introduction  by  Ernest  Nys,  and  translation  of  same,  by  John  Pawley  Bate. 

2.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  John  Pawley  Bate. 

3.  Revised  text,  with  prefatory  remarks,  list  of  errata,  and  index  of  authors  cited,  by 

Herbert  F.  Wright. 

4.  A photographic  reproduction  of  Simon’s  Edition  (1696). 

Zouche,  Richard:  Juris  et  Judicii  Fecialis,  sive.  Juris  inter  Gentes,  et  Quaestionum  de  Eodem 
Explicatio.  Edited  by  Sir  Thomas  E.  Holland.  2 vols.  1916.  Price,  $4.00. 
[No.  1 of  the  series.] 

Vol.  I.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  first  edition  (1650),  with  introduction,  list 
of  errata,  and  table  of  authors,  by  Sir  Thomas  E.  Holland,  together  with  portrait 
of  Zouche.  xvi-i-204  p. 

Vol.  II.  X Translation  of  the  Text,  by  J.  L.  Brierly.  xvii-[-186  p. 


Announced  for  Later  Publication 

Belli,  Pierino:  De  Re  Militari  et  De  Bello. 

Bynkershoek,  Cornelius  van;  De  Dominio  Maris. 

1.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  Ralph  Van  Deman  Magoffin. 

2.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  edition  of  1744. 

Bynkershoek,  Cornelius  van:  Quaestiones  Juris  Publici. 

Translated  by  Tenney  Frank. 

Centili,  Alberico:  Hispanica  Advocatio.  [No.  9 of  the  series.] 

Vol.  I.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  edition  of  1661,  with  an  introduction  by 
Frank  Frost  Abbott. 

Vol.  II.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  Frank  Frost  Abbott,  with  an  index  of  authors, 
prepared  by  Arthur  Williams. 

Gentili,  Alberico : De  lure  Belli. 

Translated  by  John  C.  Rolfe. 


38 


for  International  Peace 


Gentili,  Alberico:  De  Legationibus. 

Translated  by  Gordon  J.  Laing. 
otius,  Hugo:  De  Jure  Belli  ao  Pacis.  [No.  3 of  the  series.] 

1.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  edition  of  1646. 

2.  A translation  of  the  text  by  Francis  W.  Kelsey,  with  the  assistance  of  Henry  A.  San- 

ders and  Arthur  E.  Boak. 

GrotittS,  Hugo:  De  Jure  Praedae. 

Menandrino,  Marsiglio  (Marsilius  of  Padua) : Defensor  Pacis. 

Pufendorf,  Samuel  von:  De  Officio  Hominis  et  Civis  Juxta  Legem  Naturalem.  [No.  10  of 
the  series.] 

1.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  Frank  Gardner  Moore. 

2.  A photographic  reproduction  ol  the  edition  of  1684. 

Pufendorf,  Samuel  von:  Elements  Jurisprudentiae  Universalis. 

Translated  by  W.  A.  Oldfather. 

Suarez,  Francisco : De  Bello  and  portions  of  De  Legibus  and  of  other  works. 

1.  Introduction  by  Ammi  Brown. 

2.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  Ammi  Brown. 

Wheaton,  Henry:  Elements  of  International  Law  and  History  of  the  Law  of  Nations  in  Europe 
and  America. 

Wolfif,  Christian  von:  Jus  Gentium  Methodo  Scientifica  Pertractatum. 

1.  Introduction  by  Otfried  Nippold,  and  translation  of  same  by  Francis  J.  Hemelt. 

2.  A translation  of  the  text,  by  Joseph  H.  Drake. 

3.  A photographic  reproduction  of  the  edition  of  1764. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF 
INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

Institut  Americain  de  Droit  International.  Historique,  Notes,  Opinions.  153  p.  1916. 
Price.  Sl.OO. 

The  American  Institute  of  International  Law:  Its  Declaration  of  the  Rights  and  Duties  of 
Nations.  By  James  Brown  Scott,  President.  125  p.  1916.  Price,  $1.00.  The 
same  in  French.  1916.  Price,  $1.00. 

Le  Droit  International  de  I’Avenir.  Par  Alejandro  Alvarez,  Secretaire  G4n4ral.  153  p. 
1916.  Price,  $1.00. 

The  Recommendations  of  Habana  Concerning  International  Organization.  By  James 
Brown  Scott,  President.  100  p.  1917.  Price,  Sl.OO. 

Institut  Americain  de  Droit  International.  Acte  Final  de  la  Session  de  la  Havane.  (DeuxiSme 
Session  de  I’lnstitut.)  22-27  janvier  1917.  Resolutions.  Projets.  Question- 
naire. xiii-[-129  p.  Price,  $1.00. 

Institute  Americano  de  Derecho  Intemacional.  Acta  Final  de  la  Sesidn  de  la  Habana.  (Se- 
gunda  Sesidn  del  Institute.)  22  a 27  de  enero  de  1917.  94  p.  Price,  $1.00. 

Actas  Memorias  y Proyectos  de  las  Sesiones  de  la  Habana.  (Segunda  Reunidn  del  Insti- 
tute.) 22  a 27  de  enero  de  1917.  xxxvi-)-383  p.  1918.  Price,  $1.00. 

Pamphlets 

The  Declaration  of  the  Rights  and  Duties  of  Nations  of  the  American  Institute  of  International 
Law.  Address  of  EUhu  Root,  President  of  the  American  Society  of  International 
Law,  at  its  Tenth  Annual  Meeting,  April  27,  1916,  Washington,  D.  C.  10  p.  In 
English,  French,  Spanish  and  Portuguese. 


39 


PHOTOMOUNT 

PAMPHLET  BINDER 

PAT.  NO. 
677168 

Manufactured  by 
GAYLORD  BROS.  Inc. 
Syracuse,  N,  Y. 
Siocicton,  Calif. 


